87
Diminutive and endearment forms of nouns
Textbook: p. 131
GoalForm and write diminutive and endearment forms.
New words
diminutive · kichraytirishendearment · erkalash-cha (small) · -cha
Explanation
Forms that show smallness in size are diminutives. They are made with -cha, -choq, -chak: kitobcha (booklet), uycha (little house), daryocha (small river), qo‘zichoq (lamb), tugunchak (little bundle). Forms that express affection or tenderness are endearment forms. They are made with -gina (-kina, -qina), -jon, -xon, -oy: qizgina (dear girl), bolagina (little child), qushqina (little bird); onajon (dear mother), akajon (dear elder brother), Dilshodjon. These suffixes are joined to the stem. Diminutive and endearment forms do not change the basic meaning of the noun; they add an attitude.
Worked examples
Dear mother, did you take my little book?
My dear girl, do not scare the lamb.
Class activity
“Kind words”: change family names (ona, opa, aka, buvi) with -jon and household objects with -cha and make a short dialogue.
Practice
1
Name the diminutive suffixes.
-cha, -choq, -chak.
2
Form: uy, daryo, kitob (diminutive); ona, aka (endearment).
Uycha, daryocha, kitobcha; onajon, akajon.
3
Make an endearment form from qiz.
Qizgina.
4
Why does qizgina express affection?
The suffix -gina adds tenderness while the base meaning qiz stays.