Concrete and abstract nouns; number, diminutive and endearment forms

Forms that show smallness in size are diminutives. They are made with -cha, -choq, -chak: kitobcha (booklet), uycha (little house), daryocha (small river), qo‘zichoq (lamb), tugunchak (little bundle). Forms that express affection or tenderness are endearment forms. They are made with -gina (-kina, -qina), -jon, -xon, -oy: qizgina (dear girl), bolagina (little child), qushqina (little bird); onajon (dear mother), akajon (dear elder brother), Dilshodjon. These suffixes are joined to the stem. Diminutive and endearment forms do not change the basic meaning of the noun; they add an attitude.