59
Pronunciation and spelling of present tense forms
Textbook: p. 92
GoalKnow the pronunciation and spelling of present-tense suffixes.
New words
suffix after a vowel · -yotirsuffix after a consonant · -ayotirpronunciation · talaffuzspelling · imlo
Explanation
-yotir, -yotib are added to stems ending in a vowel: o‘qiyotir, ishlayotib. -ayotir, -ayotib are added to stems ending in a consonant: kelayotir, yozayotib. The form -yap is added to consonant stems and, although in speech it may sound like -ayap, it is written -yap: kelyapti (spoken “kelayapti”), yozyapti, boryapti. After a vowel stem it is also -yap: o‘qiyapti, ishlayapti. To remember: in writing -yap, in speech sometimes -ayap.
Worked examples
kel+yapti = kelyapti; bor+yapti = boryapti; yoz+yapti = yozyapti.
o‘qi+yotir = o‘qiyotir; kel+ayotir = kelayotir.
Class activity
“Which spelling?”: the teacher says a word (kelayapti); children write the written form (kelyapti) and state the rule.
Practice
1
Write correctly: kelayapti, boryapti, yozayapti.
kelyapti, boryapti, yozyapti.
2
Add -(a)yotir to the stems o‘qi and kel.
o‘qiyotir, kelayotir.
3
Form the present with -yotib from the stem ishla.
ishlayotib.
4
Why is it written kelyapti and not kelayapti?
By the spelling rule -yap is written even after a consonant; the a appears only in speech.