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Present tense forms
Textbook: p. 91
GoalForm the present-tense forms.
New words
present tense · hozirgi zamonpresent suffix · -yap(ti)present suffix · -moqdapresent suffix · -(a)yotir
Explanation
Present-tense forms are made by adding -yap(ti), -moqda, -(a)yotir, -(a)yotib to the verb stem. They show an action or state going on at the moment of speaking: o‘qiyapti, o‘qimoqda, o‘qiyotir (is reading). Person-number suffixes come after the tense suffix: o‘qiyapman, o‘qiyapsan, o‘qiyapmiz, o‘qiyapsiz. The form with -moqda belongs to the bookish style: Dehqonlar paxta terimiga kirishmoqda (Farmers are starting the cotton harvest). The 3rd person has the ending -ti: -yapti. The present can be negative: o‘qimayapti (is not reading).
Worked examples
The child is drawing a picture. Mother is cooking a meal.
We are working in the garden. What are you doing?
Class activity
“What am I doing now?”: a child mimes an action and the class says it in the present (Sen yozyapsan).
Practice
1
Name the present-tense suffixes.
-yap(ti), -moqda, -(a)yotir, -(a)yotib.
2
Write yozmoq in the -yap form for 1st and 2nd person singular.
yozyapman, yozyapsan.
3
Rewrite “Ona ovqat pishirmoqda” with -yap.
Ona ovqat pishiryapti.
4
Why does the present form show that the action is happening now?
Because the suffixes -yap, -moqda, -yotir express an action in progress at the moment of speaking.