6
Working with text and vocabulary
Textbook: pp. 15–16
GoalWork with a text and vocabulary; find homogeneous parts, set-off parts and addresses in a text.
New words
pride · iftixorself-respect, pride · g‘ururfellow citizen · vatandoshenlightenment · ma’rifat
Explanation
When analysing a text we first understand its content, then observe the parts and punctuation of the sentences. “Iftixor” means a feeling of pride, and “g‘urur” a sense of self-respect; the two are close in meaning and sometimes replace each other. In the vocabulary notebook we write the word, its meaning and a sentence of our own. When looking for homogeneous parts we listen for enumerating intonation, and for an address we look for the appeal. Explaining the punctuation when copying an exercise text strengthens our knowledge.
Worked examples
Mini-text: “Navruz.” When spring comes, fields, gardens and streets turn green. Dear guests, welcome! Of course, the festive table has sumalak, halim and bread. This day is a source of pride for our people.
Analysis: homogeneous subjects – dalalar, bog‘lar, ko‘chalar; address – aziz mehmonlar; introductory word – albatta; homogeneous subjects – sumalak, halim, non.
Class activity
“Vocabulary workshop”: each pupil finds one word in the dictionary and reads its meaning; classmates then make sentences with it.
Practice
1
Find a sentence with homogeneous subjects in the mini-text.
Bahor kelganda dalalar, bog‘lar, ko‘chalar ko‘kka burkanadi.
2
Find the address in the text and explain the punctuation.
“Aziz mehmonlar” (dear guests) is the address; it stands at the start, so a comma follows it. The sentence is said with feeling, so it ends with an exclamation mark.
3
Make your own sentence with “iftixor”.
For example: Vatan bayrog‘ini ko‘rib, iftixor tuydim.
4
Why does a dictionary number several meanings of a word?
Because many words are polysemous and the reader must choose the one that fits the sentence.