☰ Contents · Uzbek language

Syntax and the word combination

Lessons 20–21 · 2 lessons · M. Qodirov, H. Ne’matov, M. Abduraimova, R. Sayfullayeva, B. Mengliyev. Ona tili (Uzbek language), Grade 8, 4th edition. Cho‘lpon Publishing and Printing Creative House, Tashkent, 2019
21

Coordinate and subordinate connection

Textbook: p. 35
GoalDistinguish subordinate and coordinate connection, nominal and verbal word combinations.
New words
subordinate connection · tobe bog‘lanishcoordinate connection · teng bog‘lanishnominal combination · otli birikmaverbal combination · fe’lli birikma
Explanation

If one independent word explains another and follows it, the connection is subordinate: one word is dependent, the other is the head. When two words join on equal terms without explaining each other, a coordinate connection arises and a word union is formed: qalam va daftar, Salim bilan Karim. A word union has neither a head nor a dependent — both words are equal. The dependent word attaches to the head by a suffix (kitobni o‘qimoq), a postposition (do‘st bilan gaplashmoq) or only by word order and intonation (qizil gul). A combination whose head word is a noun, adjective, numeral, adverb or nominalised word is a nominal combination; one whose head is a verb is a verbal combination.

Worked examples
Nominal: “maktabning hovlisi” (head — noun), “akamdan katta” (head — adjective), “o‘quvchilarning beshtasi” (head — numeral).
Verbal: “xat yozmoq”, “do‘st bilan gaplashmoq”, “ohista kirmoq” (head — verb). Coordinate: “olma va nok” — a word union.
Class activity

Sort cards into three groups: subordinate combination, word union, not a combination. Each group justifies its answer.

Practice
1
State the difference between subordinate and coordinate connection.
2
Sort: o‘qituvchi bilan suhbatlashmoq, ona va ota, tez yugurish, yaxshi kitob.
3
What type is “do‘stlarning barchasi” and which is the head?
4
Why is “yoshlar va kelajak” a word union rather than a combination?