5
Interjections, imitative and modal words
Textbook: p. 10
GoalIdentify interjections, imitative and modal words and understand their meaning.
New words
interjection · undov so‘zimitative word · taqlid so‘zmodal word · modal so‘zemotion · his-hayajon
Explanation
Interjections express the speaker’s emotion: voy, eh, ofarin, hoy. Imitative words imitate a sound or a motion-state and often come in pairs or repetition: shildir-shildir, yalt-yult, g‘ir-g‘ir. Modal words express the speaker’s attitude to the thought: albatta, shubhasiz, ehtimol, afsuski, shekilli. These three groups are separate word classes, since they do not name a notion like a noun or adjective, nor are they auxiliary like particles. Sometimes they work as nouns and take suffixes: “g‘ichir-g‘ichirni eshitdim”.
Worked examples
“Voy, qanday go‘zal manzara!” — voy is an interjection (amazement).
“Daryo shildir-shildir oqardi” — an imitative word; “Ehtimol, ertaga yomg‘ir yog‘ar” — ehtimol is a modal word (supposition).
Class activity
Theatre of sounds: groups ‘voice’ rain, wind or a market scene with imitative words and the others find the words used.
Practice
1
Sort: hoy, pitir-pitir, albatta, afsuski, evoh, jiring-jiring.
Interjection: hoy, evoh; imitative: pitir-pitir, jiring-jiring; modal: albatta, afsuski.
2
What meaning does shubhasiz express in “Shubhasiz, g‘alaba bizniki bo‘ladi”?
The speaker’s certainty.
3
Which of these words usually come in pairs or repeated?
Imitative words.
4
Why do interjections and modal words differ?
An interjection expresses emotion; a modal word expresses the speaker’s attitude (certainty, supposition) to the thought.