17
Form-building suffixes and their classification
Textbook: pp. 28–29
GoalDistinguish the two kinds of form-building suffixes: lexical and syntactic.
New words
lexical form-builder · lug‘aviy shakl yasovchisyntactic form-builder · sintaktik shakl yasovchipossession · egalikcase · kelishik
Explanation
Form-building suffixes do not create new words. They are of two kinds. Lexical form-builders add extra meaning to the stem: plural (-lar), diminutive and endearment (-cha, -jon), adjective degree (-roq), the verb’s negation (-ma) and voice forms. Syntactic form-builders link a word to another word, so they are also called relational forms. They include possession (-im, -ing), case (-ga, -dan), person and number (-man, -siz), tense (-di) and mood suffixes.
Worked examples
Lexical: kitob + -lar = kitoblar (books); xona + -cha = xonacha (little room); katta + -roq = kattaroq (bigger).
Syntactic: kitob + -im = kitobim (my book); maktab + -ga = maktabga (to school); o‘qi + -di = o‘qidi (read).
Class activity
“Two little boxes”: children sort suffix cards into “lexical” and “syntactic” boxes.
Practice
1
Into how many kinds are form-building suffixes divided, and which?
Two: lexical and syntactic form-builders.
2
Find the syntactic form-builder: -lar, -cha, -ga, -roq.
-ga
3
Name the kinds of suffix in kitobimga.
-im — possession, -ga — case (both syntactic form-builders).
4
Why are case suffixes called relational forms?
Because they link the word to other words in the sentence.