106
Consolidation
Textbook: p. 158
GoalConsolidate the adjective topic: formation, kinds and degrees.
New words
adjective · sifatdegree · darajameaning group · ma’no guruhi
Explanation
The adjective names a thing’s attribute and answers qanday? qanaqa?. By composition it is root or derived; by structure simple, compound, paired or repeated. Suffixes such as -li, -siz, -dor, -iy, -gi form adjectives. Qualitative adjectives have four degrees: positive, comparative (-roq), intensive (juda, qop-qora), diminutive (sal, -ish). By meaning there are property, color, taste, size-measure, smell and place-time groups. An adjective left without its noun becomes a noun: kattalar. Paired and repeated adjectives take a hyphen; compound adjectives are mostly written together.
Worked examples
The bright-yellow lemon is a bit sour but fragrant.
Hardworking adults are a model for the young.
Class activity
“Adjective championship”: teams quiz each other on formation, kind, degree or meaning group.
Practice
1
Name the structure: past-baland, mehnatsevar, katta.
Paired; compound; simple.
2
Write issiq in four degrees.
Issiq; issiqroq; juda issiq; sal issiq.
3
Name the group: nordon, uzun, xushbo‘y, yangi.
Taste; size-measure; smell; place-time.
4
Why is kattalar counted as a noun, not an adjective?
Because it is substantivized: the noun dropped, it took -lar and works as a subject.