43
Consolidation
Textbook: p. 68
GoalReview functional forms, the verbal noun, participle and adverbial participle.
New words
verbal noun · harakat nomiparticiple · sifatdoshadverbial participle · ravishdoshnegative form · bo‘lishsiz shakl
Explanation
The verb has four functional forms: finite verb, verbal noun, participle, adverbial participle. The verbal noun (-(i)sh, -(u)v, -moq) is noun-like and acts as a noun. The participle (-gan, -(a)yotgan, -adigan, -(a)r) is adjective-like and attaches to a noun. The adverbial participle (-(i)b, -a, -gach, -guncha, -gani) is adverb-like and attaches to a verb. The negative of participle and adverbial participle is made with -ma: o‘qimagan, o‘qimay. In spelling: ketgach, ko‘chgan, tikkan, ishlov.
Worked examples
O‘qish — verbal noun; o‘qigan — participle; o‘qib — adverbial participle; o‘qidi — finite verb.
A walking person finds the road: yurgan is a participle.
Class activity
“Four of a kind”: each group forms the 4 functional forms of a given verb (yozmoq) and shows them in sentences.
Practice
1
Identify each form: kelgan, kelish, kelib, keldi.
kelgan — participle; kelish — verbal noun; kelib — adverbial participle; keldi — finite verb.
2
Write the negative: yozgan, yozib, yozmoq.
yozmagan, yozmay, yozmaslik (yozmaslik is the negative verbal noun).
3
Find the adverbial participles: Bola kulib, sakrab chiqdi.
Kulib, sakrab.
4
Why does a participle attach to a noun but an adverbial participle to a verb?
A participle, like an adjective, describes a noun; an adverbial participle, like an adverb, describes an action.