41
Meanings of adverbial participles
Textbook: pp. 64–65
GoalDistinguish the meaning types of adverbial participles (manner, time, purpose).
New words
manner · holattime · paytpurpose · maqsadsuffix of purpose · -gani
Explanation
The forms -(i)b and -a (-y) mostly express the manner of an action, sometimes time and reason: yugurib keldi (came running), kula-kula gapirdi (spoke laughing). The form -gancha (-kancha, -qancha) also expresses manner, while -gach (-kach, -qach) and -guncha (-kuncha, -quncha) express time: xat yozgach ketdi (after writing the letter he left), men kelguncha kuting (wait until I come). The form -gani (-kani, -qani, -gali) expresses purpose: kitob olgani bordi (went to get a book). To find the meaning ask: how? (manner), when? (time), what for? (purpose).
Worked examples
Manner: The child spoke smiling. Time: After the lesson ended, he went home. Purpose: We went to the park to rest.
Kelguncha (until arriving) — until when? (time).
Class activity
“Which question?”: the teacher reads a sentence and children hold up the right card: how? when? what for?
Practice
1
Which form expresses purpose: -gach or -gani?
-gani
2
Name the meaning of the adverbial participle: Dars tugagach, uyga ketdi.
Time (tugagach — when?).
3
Compose a sentence with the adverbial participle o‘qigani.
For example: Kitob o‘qigani kutubxonaga bordim (I went to the library to read a book).
4
Why is kulib in “Ukam kulib gapirdi” a manner adverbial participle?
It answers “how did he speak?” and shows the manner of speaking.