38
Present and future participles
Textbook: pp. 60–61
GoalForm present and future participles.
New words
present participle · hozirgi zamon sifatdoshifuture participle · kelasi zamon sifatdoshisuffix -(a)yotgan · -(a)yotgansuffix -adigan · -adigan
Explanation
The present participle is made by adding -(a)yotgan to the verb stem: -yotgan after a vowel and -ayotgan after a consonant: o‘qiyotgan, kelayotgan. The future participle is made with -adigan, -ydigan, -(a)r: after a consonant -adigan or -ar (keladigan, kelar), after a vowel -ydigan or -r (o‘qiydigan, o‘qir). The present participle shows an action going on now; the future participle shows a habitual or future action.
Worked examples
The guest who is coming. The child who is reading. The bird that is flying.
The coming year. A working factory. A flowing river.
Class activity
“Find the tense”: the teacher says a participle and children answer “present” or “future”.
Practice
1
Form the present participle from yoz and o‘qi.
yozayotgan, o‘qiyotgan.
2
Form the future participle from ishla.
ishlaydigan.
3
Which is the future participle: o‘qiyotgan, o‘qigan, o‘qiydigan?
o‘qiydigan
4
Why is it -ayotgan in kelayotgan but -yotgan in o‘qiyotgan?
Kel ends in a consonant and o‘qi in a vowel: -ayotgan after a consonant, -yotgan after a vowel.