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Consolidation
Textbook: pp. 133–134
GoalConsolidate the lexicology topics studied so far.
New words
vocabulary · so‘z boyligiborrowed word · olinma so‘zanthroponymy · antroponimikaarchaic word · arxaik so‘z
Explanation
Review. Lexicology studies words and their meanings. By form and meaning relations words are synonyms (katta — ulkan), homonyms (yoz — season, yoz — write), antonyms (baland — past) and paronyms (nafas — nafis). A language grows through internal and external resources; words are divided into native and borrowed layers. Words used at a certain time and not used now are called historical (mirshab); words that gave their place to another word are archaic (noma). Place names and personal names are also part of our language’s wealth; they are capitalized.
Worked examples
Ulkan — katta: synonyms; baland — past: antonyms.
Mirshab — historical; noma — archaic; bloger — a new word.
Class activity
The “word kinds contest”: each group quickly places words from the board into the synonym, antonym, homonym, paronym columns.
Practice
1
What is the difference between synonyms and antonyms?
Synonyms are close in meaning, antonyms are opposite.
2
Distinguish historical from archaic words.
In historical words the thing has gone; in archaic ones the thing exists but the word changed.
3
Give two examples each for the native and borrowed layers.
Native: ko‘z, yer; borrowed: televizor, kitob.
4
What does anthroponymy study?
People’s names.