Lessons 6 · 1 lessons · D.T. Kamaltdinova, D.M. Sayfurov. Informatics and Information Technology, Grade 5 (general editor F.M. Zakirova). “Nashriyot uyi Tasvir”, Tashkent, 2020
6
The computer and how it is built
Textbook: pp. 24–27
GoalName the types of computers, the main devices of a personal computer and the parts inside the system unit, and say what each does.
New words
computer: a universal automatic device that processes information very fast · kompyutersystem unit: the case with the main parts inside · tizim blokiprocessor: the “brain” that controls and calculates · protsessorRAM: fast memory that works while the computer is on · operativ xotira
Explanation
The word computer comes from the English computer (“calculator”); it is a universal automatic device that processes information very fast. There are many types: desktop, all-in-one (monitor and system unit together), laptop and tablet; a smartphone is also a small computer. They differ in looks and speed, but all work on the same scheme: an input device, a processor (control and arithmetic-logic parts), memory and an output device. A personal computer has four main devices: the system unit, monitor, keyboard and mouse. Inside the system unit are the motherboard, processor, RAM, video card, sound card and a storage disk (hard disk or SSD). The monitor shows information, while the keyboard and mouse are for entering information and control.
Worked examples
Typing text: the keyboard enters the letters (input), the processor handles them, RAM holds them for the moment, the monitor shows them (output) and the disk stores them.
Aziza works on an all-in-one at school and on a laptop at home. They look different, but both have a processor, memory, a screen and a keyboard – the scheme is the same.
Class activity
“Human computer”: six pupils each play one part (keyboard – gives a message, processor – thinks, memory – remembers, monitor – shows, disk – writes in a notebook, mouse – points) and complete a short task together.
Practice
1
Name the four main devices of a personal computer.
System unit, monitor, keyboard, mouse.
2
What does the processor do?
It controls, calculates and processes information – the computer’s “brain”.
3
Which devices input information and which output it: keyboard, monitor, mouse?
Keyboard and mouse – input; monitor – output.
4
Why do we call a phone, a laptop and a desktop all “computers” although they look different?
Because all follow the same scheme – input, processor, memory, output – and process information.