Lessons 11 · 1 lessons · D.T. Kamaltdinova, D.M. Sayfurov. Informatics and Information Technology, Grade 5 (general editor F.M. Zakirova). “Nashriyot uyi Tasvir”, Tashkent, 2020
11
Files and folders
Textbook: pp. 42–45
GoalExplain file, folder (directory), extension and file path, and carry out the basic actions with files and folders.
New words
file: any information stored under one name in the computer’s memory · faylfolder (directory): a place that keeps files and other folders in order · papka (katalog)extension: the end of the file name after the dot, showing its type · kengaytmapath: the route to a file through the folders · fayl yo‘li
Explanation
Documents, pictures, music, videos and programs are stored in a computer as files. A file is information stored under one name on external memory (a disk, flash drive, memory card). A file name has two parts: the name and, after the dot, the extension, for example essay.docx or shopping.txt. The user chooses the name; the extension is usually set by the program and shows the type: .docx – Word document, .txt – plain text, .jpg and .png – pictures, .pdf – PDF document, .pptx – presentation. A file name must not contain / \ : * ? " < > |. To keep files in order they are placed in folders, and a folder may hold other folders. The route to a file is written as a path, for example D:\School\Computing\report.docx. The main actions are create, open, copy, move, rename and delete; they are usually chosen from the menu that opens with the right mouse button. Never delete other people’s files without permission and never open unknown .exe files.
Worked examples
The file Picture.jpg is in the folder “Spring” inside “My pictures” on disk D. Its path: D:\My pictures\Spring\Picture.jpg.
You cannot name a file “Home:work.docx” because it has a colon. A correct name: Home_work.docx (an underscore instead of the colon).
Class activity
“Which file?”: the teacher says file names (picture.png, song.mp3, report.docx, table.xlsx) and pupils say from the extension what kind of file it is (picture, text, music, spreadsheet).
Practice
1
Name the parts of a file name and say which part is the extension in “work.docx”.
Name and extension; “work” is the name, “.docx” the extension.
2
Give four characters that cannot be used in a file name.
For example: / \ : * ? " < > |
3
In the path C:\School\Subject\test.txt, what is the file name and how many folders is it inside?
The file name is test.txt; it is inside two folders (School, Subject).
4
Why is it useful to keep files in folders?
To find a file quickly and keep files from getting mixed up, just as books in a library are arranged on shelves.