Lessons 10 · 1 lessons · D.T. Kamaltdinova, D.M. Sayfurov. Informatics and Information Technology, Grade 5 (general editor F.M. Zakirova). “Nashriyot uyi Tasvir”, Tashkent, 2020
10
Programs that run the computer
Textbook: pp. 38–41
GoalExplain program, interface and operating system, tell the kinds of software apart and work with the desktop and windows.
New words
program: an ordered sequence of commands the computer understands · dasturinterface: how a program looks on screen and what the user can do in it · interfeysoperating system: the main program that runs the computer · operatsion tizimdesktop: the main screen with icons and the taskbar · ish stoli
Explanation
A computer works with programs, not with its devices alone. A program is an ordered sequence of commands written in a language the computer understands. How a program looks on the screen and what it lets the user do is its interface. Software has three parts: system programs, application programs (for text, pictures, calculations) and programming languages. The most important system program is the operating system: it starts when the computer is switched on, controls all devices and programs and lets the user communicate with the computer. A widespread operating system on computers is Windows (by Microsoft, first released in 1985); phones and tablets mostly run Android (Google) or iOS (Apple). “Windows” means just that – programs and folders open in windows. The desktop holds icons, the taskbar, the Start button and the Recycle Bin. A window is minimised, maximised or closed with the buttons at the top right and moved by dragging its title bar.
Worked examples
Android on a phone is the operating system; a game and the camera are application programs. Without the operating system they would not run.
You drag the Notepad window by its title bar to another part of the screen, then click the “–” button to minimise it – the program is still open, waiting on the taskbar.
Class activity
“Quick window”: three windows are open. The teacher calls “minimise”, “maximise”, “move”, “close” and pupils take turns doing it. Remember: save your work before closing.
Practice
1
What is a program?
An ordered sequence of commands written in a language the computer understands.
2
What is an operating system for? Name three operating systems.
To control devices and programs and to let the user talk to the computer. For example: Windows, Android, iOS.
3
Sort into system or application programs: Windows, Notepad, a game, Android.
System: Windows, Android; application: Notepad, a game.
4
Why is Windows called Windows?
Because programs, files and folders open in windows; “windows” means windows.