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Scientific organisation of labour

Lessons 22 · 1 lessons · O. A. Qo‘ysinov, O‘. O. Tohirov, D. N. Mamatov, D. F. Aripova. Labour education (Mehnat ta’limi), Grade 9: methodical guide for teachers. Delta-Print, Tashkent, 2017. Note: this is a teacher’s guide, not a student textbook (lesson plans for the “Technology and design”, “Service” and “Basics of agriculture” directions). The course is built from the lesson-plan topics of the “Technology and design” direction; the “Iroqi” skullcap lesson comes from the “Service” direction, and lesson 25 (joining parts) is written from the topic listed in the guide’s calendar plan.
22

Scientific organisation of labour

Teacher’s guide: pp. 70–73
GoalKnow the main parts of the scientific organisation of labour, labour norms, forms of payment and the idea of ergonomics.
New words
labour norm · mehnat me’yoripiece-rate pay · ishbay haqtime-rate pay · vaqtbay haqergonomics · ergonomika
Explanation

The scientific organisation of labour is the main part of putting production in good order: it includes division of labour and cooperation, arranging workplaces, introducing advanced methods, raising workers’ skills, setting norms for labour and paying for it, improving working conditions and strengthening discipline. There are three kinds of labour norms: the time norm (time set for one item or operation), the output norm (amount of product made in a unit of time) and the service norm (the number of machines or the area a worker must look after). There are two main forms of pay: piece-rate (pay is counted from the number of products and the price of one piece) and time-rate (pay depends on skill level and time worked; for example in repair work). Specialists and office staff are paid a monthly salary (oklad); bonuses are also given for thrift and for work done beyond the plan. In team work, a coefficient of labour participation is used to count each person’s share. Ergonomics is the science of making means of labour comfortable for people: handle size, placement of tools, clean air, suitable temperature and lighting and little noise reduce tiredness and raise productivity.

Worked examples
A tailor has a time norm of 40 minutes per shirt. In a 480-minute working day the output norm is 480 : 40 = 12 shirts.
Piece-rate pay: 25000 so‘m for each chair, the craftsperson made 8 chairs: 8 × 25000 = 200000 so‘m. Under time-rate pay he or she is paid by hours worked.
Class activity

Ergonomic workplace: in pairs analyse your desk or the workshop table: are chair height, light and tool placement comfortable? Write one suggestion for improvement.

Practice
1
Name the three kinds of labour norms.
2
Explain the difference between piece-rate and time-rate pay.
3
The time norm for one shelf is 30 minutes. How many shelves are made in 480 minutes?
4
Why does organising the workplace ergonomically raise productivity?