☰ Contents · Technology

Standards and the document system

Lessons 16 · 1 lessons · O. A. Qo‘ysinov, O‘. O. Tohirov, D. N. Mamatov, D. F. Aripova. Labour education (Mehnat ta’limi), Grade 9: methodical guide for teachers. Delta-Print, Tashkent, 2017. Note: this is a teacher’s guide, not a student textbook (lesson plans for the “Technology and design”, “Service” and “Basics of agriculture” directions). The course is built from the lesson-plan topics of the “Technology and design” direction; the “Iroqi” skullcap lesson comes from the “Service” direction, and lesson 25 (joining parts) is written from the topic listed in the guide’s calendar plan.
16

The unified system of technological documents and state standards

Teacher’s guide: pp. 54–56
GoalKnow what a standard and the unified system of technological documents are, the categories of standards and their purpose.
New words
standard (norm, model) · standartstandardisation · standartlashstate standard · davlat standartitechnical specifications · texnik shartlar
Explanation

A standard is a model or norm: a set of unified requirements for a product, method or term. Standardisation is setting rules in a field to regulate activity and applying them. Its aims are to raise product quality, raise labour productivity, ensure that measurements are uniform and correct, and make trade and cooperation with other countries easier. The categories of standards are: international standards (for example those drawn up by the ISO organisation), the state standards of Uzbekistan (O‘z DSt), branch standards and enterprise standards. A state standard is mandatory for all enterprises; the indicators set in it are the lowest limit of quality, and a product below it is called substandard. If a standard is not observed, supervising bodies may ban the production or sale of the product and the enterprise may be held responsible. The standards of the unified system of technological documents set the list and content of documents; for example in making clothes, technical specifications for the model (drawing, description of appearance, list of materials, sizes) are used. Approving standards and supervising compliance with them is the job of a specially authorised state body.

Worked examples
A4 paper is the same everywhere: 210 × 297 mm. Because this is a standard, printers, folders and envelopes fit it.
A workshop sets an enterprise standard for wooden slats: length 400 mm, width 80 mm, permitted deviation (tolerance) ±1 mm. So a slat from 399 mm to 401 mm is acceptable; one outside this range is not accepted.
Class activity

Standard hunt: look at three things at home (paper, a battery, a clothing label) for standard marks or sizes and make a list. Do not open or damage anything.

Practice
1
What is a standard?
2
Name the categories of standards.
3
A slat should be 400 mm long with a tolerance of ±1 mm. What is the longest slat that is accepted, in mm?
4
Why is a state standard mandatory for enterprises?