15
Linked composite sentences with the negative conjunction
Textbook: p. 34
GoalIdentify composite sentences linked by the negative conjunction (na... na).
New words
negative conjunction · inkor bog‘lovchisineither... nor · na... naaffirmative form · bo‘lishli shaklnegative meaning · inkor ma’no
Explanation
The negative conjunction “na... na” joins the parts and shows that the action or state in each part did not happen. Even when the predicate has no negative suffix (-ma), i.e. the verb is affirmative or the word “bor” is used, the sentence has a negative meaning: “Na yomg‘ir to‘xtadi, na shamol tindi” – neither stopped. In writing, a comma is put before the repeated conjunction. “Na... na” also joins homogeneous parts: “Na Ali, na Vali keldi” is a simple sentence because there is one predicate. Therefore in analysis it is necessary to count the predicates.
Worked examples
Na yomg‘ir to‘xtadi, na shamol tindi. (composite: two predicates; meaning – neither happened)
Na shaharda shovqin bor, na ko‘chada odam bor (there is neither noise in the town nor anyone in the street). The predicate “bor” is affirmative but the meaning is negative. / Na Ali, na Vali keldi (neither Ali nor Vali came) – a simple sentence with homogeneous subjects.
Class activity
“Na... na” game: the teacher begins “Na bugun ...” and pupils continue and say the type (simple/composite).
Practice
1
Name the negative conjunction.
Na... na.
2
What type is “Na yomg‘ir yog‘di, na qor tushdi”?
A linked composite sentence with a negative conjunction: two subjects, two predicates.
3
What kind is “Na Ali, na Vali keldi”? Give the reason.
Simple: one predicate (keldi); “na... na” joins homogeneous subjects.
4
Why is the meaning negative even though the predicate is affirmative?
Because the negation is expressed by the conjunction “na” itself.