☰ Contents · Uzbek language

Simple and composite sentences

Lessons 7–8 · 2 lessons · N.M. Mahmudov, A. Nurmonov, A.Sh. Sobirov. Ona tili (Uzbek language), Grade 9, 4th edition. “Tasvir” Publishing House, Tashkent, 2019
8

Parts of a composite sentence and the means that link them

Textbook: pp. 19–20
GoalIdentify the parts of a composite sentence and the means that link them.
New words
part of a composite sentence · qo‘shma gap qismicoordinating conjunction · teng bog‘lovchisubordinating conjunction · ergashtiruvchi bog‘lovchilinking means · bog‘lovchi vosita
Explanation

The simple sentences that make up a composite sentence are its parts, and the means that join the parts are linking means. The first group is conjunctions: coordinating (va, hamda, ammo, lekin, biroq, yo, yo... yo, dam... dam) and subordinating (agar, chunki, toki, basharti, mabodo). The second group is means that work as conjunctions: the words bo‘lsa, esa, deb; the particles -u (-yu), -da, -ki; correlative words; postpositional constructions such as shuning uchun, shu sababli, shu tufayli; and the conditional ending (-sa). The third means is intonation: without a conjunction the parts join only by intonation. Besides joining, conjunctions also show the relation of meaning between the parts (contrast, reason, condition and so on).

Worked examples
Havo sovuq edi, shuning uchun biz issiq kiyindik. (parts: “Havo sovuq edi” and “biz issiq kiyindik”; means – “shuning uchun”)
Yo sen ayt, yo men aytay. (coordinating conjunction: yo... yo)
Class activity

“Conjunction hunter”: pupils find the linking means in a list of ready sentences, underline it and name its kind.

Practice
1
What are the parts of a composite sentence?
2
List five coordinating conjunctions.
3
Find the linking means in “Kitob o‘qidim, chunki imtihon yaqin edi”.
4
Why does a conjunction do more than just join?