34
Punctuation in composite sentences without a conjunction
Textbook: p. 69
GoalUse the comma, dash, colon and semicolon correctly in composite sentences without a conjunction.
New words
comma · verguldash · tirecolon · ikki nuqtasemicolon · nuqtali vergul
Explanation
The punctuation mark between the parts of a composite sentence without a conjunction depends on the relation of meaning between them. If the parts tell of events that happen at the same time or one after another, a comma is enough: “Qor tindi, quyosh chiqdi”. If there is simile, contrast, condition, reason-result or ground-conclusion between the parts, a dash is put: “Ekding – o‘rding”. If the second part explains the first, a colon is put: “Men shuni angladim: bilim mehnat bilan keladi”. If the parts are relatively independent in meaning, are compared, or have many commas inside, a semicolon is used.
Worked examples
Comma: Shamol tindi, bulutlar tarqaldi. Dash: Yaxshi o‘qi – natijani ko‘rasan. / Bugun sovuq – kecha issiq edi.
Colon: Kutubxonaga bormadim: vaqtim yo‘q edi. Semicolon: Bog‘da olma, nok, behi pishgan; dalada esa paxta, bug‘doy, sholi o‘rilmoqda.
Class activity
“Choose the mark”: the teacher states a sentence and its relation of meaning; pupils raise one of four cards (, – : ;).
Practice
1
When is a comma put between parts of a conjunction-less composite sentence?
When the parts express events that happen at the same time or in sequence.
2
Punctuate: “Qish keldi bog‘lar bo‘shab qoldi”.
Qish keldi, bog‘lar bo‘shab qoldi. (sequence: comma; if read as reason-result, a dash is also possible)
3
Punctuate: “Menda bir orzu bor hamma bolalar kitob o‘qisin”.
Menda bir orzu bor: hamma bolalar kitob o‘qisin. (the second part explains the first – a colon)
4
Why is a dash used in “Ko‘p ishla – ko‘p topasan”?
Because there is a relation of condition-result between the parts.