A subordinate composite sentence always consists of two parts – main and subordinate clauses. The subordinate clause is linked to the main one by subordinating conjunctions (agar, chunki, toki), postpositional constructions (shuning uchun, shu sababli, shu tufayli), the particle -ki, correlative words, the word deb and the conditional mood. Clauses of reason and purpose usually come after the main clause, and clauses of condition before; a reason clause with a postpositional construction also comes first. Punctuation: the subordinate clause is separated from the main clause by a comma. In analysis we first find the main and subordinate clauses, then name the means and the meaning.
Worked examples
Analysis: Agar erta tursang, ishlarga ulgurasan. → condition (agar, -sa), subordinate first. Kitob o‘qidim, chunki imtihon yaqin edi. → reason (chunki), subordinate after.
Kim erta turib mashq qilsa, o‘sha tetik bo‘ladi. → correlative words (kim – o‘sha), subject clause. Shuni bilingki, vaqt qimmat. → -ki.
Class activity
“Means test”: the teacher says a sentence and pupils choose the linking means from five cards (conjunction, construction, -ki, correlative, deb).
Practice
1
State the means linking a subordinate to a main clause.
Subordinating conjunctions, postpositional constructions, -ki, correlative words, deb and the conditional mood.
2
Analyse “Yaxshi tayyorlansang, o‘tasan”.
Subordinate: Yaxshi tayyorlansang (condition; -sa); main: o‘tasan.
3
Rewrite “Charchadim, shuning uchun erta yotdim” with “chunki”.
Erta yotdim, chunki charchadim.
4
Why does a conditional clause usually come before the main clause?
Because the condition is stated first and the result after.