18
Working with text and vocabulary
Textbook: pp. 39–40
GoalWork with a text and vocabulary: find linked composite sentences in a text and enrich the vocabulary.
New words
sharp-witted, alert · ziyrakloyalty, faithfulness · vafogenerosity · saxovatenterprising person · tadbirkor
Explanation
When working with a text we separate the parts of each composite sentence, find its conjunction and name its type. The conjunctions in a text show the links between thoughts – contrast, alternation, comparison – and make speech logical. To enrich vocabulary we write new words with their meanings in a notebook and make sentences with them. “Ziyrak” is a quick-witted, attentive person; “vafo” is being faithful; “saxovat” is the quality of sharing with others. After analysing the text, express its idea in your own words.
Worked examples
Mini-text: “A true friend.” Karim was a bright boy but did not like to read. His friend Sardor brought him a new book every day and invited him to read together. One day Karim became interested in books and now looked for new ones himself. Loyalty means that a friend leads a friend to good.
Analysis: “Karim ziyrak bola edi, lekin kitob o‘qishga erinardi” – adversative; “Karim kitobga qiziqib qoldi va endi o‘zi yangi kitob qidirdi” – copulative (sequence).
Class activity
“Sentence chain”: groups add a new part to the text using at least one adversative and one copulative sentence.
Practice
1
Find the adversative composite sentence in the mini-text.
Karim ziyrak bola edi, lekin kitob o‘qishga erinardi.
2
Give the meaning of “ziyrak” and make a sentence.
Quick-witted, attentive; for example: Ziyrak o‘quvchi xatoni darrov payqadi.
3
State the idea of the text in one sentence.
A true friend leads a friend to good deeds and knowledge.
4
Why is “esa” used in the sentence with Sardor?
Because Sardor’s behaviour is compared with Karim’s laziness.