The Beruni text; consolidating homogeneous and set-off parts

In this lesson homogeneous parts (linking means, formative suffixes, generalizing word, punctuation) and set-off parts (kinds, intonation, punctuation) are reviewed. According to the tale, when the calligrapher who copied Alisher Navoiy’s poems fell ill, the work was given to a boastful man who thought himself a famous calligrapher. At a poetic contest a remark reached Navoiy’s ear: “the poet himself has made a mistake”. When the poet checked the copied ghazal, the calligrapher had dropped a dot in the word “ko‘z”, making it “ko‘r”, and the meaning had turned into its opposite. Navoiy then dismissed the calligrapher. The tale shows that even one dot can change meaning; in the same way a single punctuation mark changes the meaning of a sentence.