47
Unextended and extended sentences
Textbook: pp. 72–73
GoalDistinguish unextended and extended sentences.
New words
unextended sentence · yig‘iq gapextended sentence · yoyiq gapmain part · bosh bo‘laksecondary part · ikkinchi darajali bo‘lak
Explanation
A sentence made only of a subject and predicate, or of a predicate alone, without secondary parts, is called unextended: “Men o‘quvchiman”, “Boramiz”. A sentence that also contains a hol, an object or an attribute besides the subject and predicate is extended: “Mening ukam har kuni maktabga piyoda boradi”. The backbone of both kinds is the predicate: without a predicate there is no sentence. Adding a secondary part to an unextended sentence turns it into an extended one. Proverbs often use unextended sentences, while artistic description mostly uses extended ones.
Worked examples
Unextended: “Quyosh chiqdi.” “Keldim.” Extended: “Qizg‘ish quyosh tog‘ ortidan sekin chiqdi.”
Extending: “Bola o‘qiydi” → “Mehnatsevar bola kechqurun kitob o‘qiydi.”
Class activity
Extension chain: each pupil adds one secondary part to one unextended sentence; the sentence grows.
Practice
1
Is “Dars boshlandi” unextended or extended?
Unextended: only subject and predicate.
2
Analyze “Opam ertalab bozorga ketdi”.
Extended: opam — subject, ketdi — predicate, ertalab — hol, bozorga — hol (place).
3
Make an unextended sentence and extend it.
Qush uchdi. → Kichkina qush daraxtdan baland uchdi.
4
Why is “Katta uy” neither unextended nor extended?
Because it is a phrase, not a sentence: it has no predicate.