43
The subject
Textbook: pp. 63–64
GoalDefine the subject; know its questions, case form and the word classes expressing it.
New words
subject · eganominative case · bosh kelishikparticiple · sifatdoshimitative word · taqlid so‘z
Explanation
The subject is the main part that shows who or what performs the action named in the predicate, or to whom or what a feature belongs. It mainly answers the questions kim? (who?), nima? (what?), qayer? (what place?) and is always in the nominative case. The subject can be expressed by a noun (“Chiroq o‘chdi”), a pronoun (“Sen kel”), a numeral (“Uchalasi ketdi”), a participle (“O‘qigan o‘zar”), a nominalised adjective (“Yaxshilar ko‘paysin”), a verbal noun (“Ishlash — sharaf”) or an imitative word (“Taq-taq eshitildi”). To find the subject, first find the predicate, then ask it “who?” or “what?”.
Worked examples
In “Taq-taq eshitildi” the subject is expressed by an imitative word.
“Who came? — Ikkalamiz keldik.” The subject is “ikkalamiz” (numeral).
Class activity
Subject search: on cards; pairs write the subject and the word class expressing it.
Practice
1
Find the subject in “Ko‘p o‘qigan ko‘p biladi” and its expression.
Ko‘p o‘qigan — a subject expressed by a participle.
2
In which case is the subject? Give an example.
In the nominative: Bola yugurdi.
3
Show four word classes serving as subject in sentences.
Noun: Qush uchdi. Pronoun: U keldi. Numeral: Beshovi ketdi. Adjective: Kattalar kirdi.
4
Why is “uni” not the subject in “Uni ko‘rdim”?
It is not in the nominative (it is accusative) and is not the doer.