33
Working with a classical text and dictionaries
Textbook: p. 51
GoalWork with the extract “Afv” from Abdulla Avloniy’s Turkiy guliston yoxud axloq.
New words
forgiveness · afvexcuse, apology · uzrfault · qusurpardon · mag‘firat
Explanation
Abdulla Avloniy (1878–1934) was a Jadid enlightener, poet and teacher; his book Turkiy guliston yoxud axloq (1913) is about good and bad qualities of character. The extract says that afv, forgiveness, is one of the finest qualities. If someone admits a mistake and apologises, he should be forgiven, because greatness shows itself not in revenge but in being able to forgive. Using the example of two people, the author shows that revenge doubles the wrong, while forgiveness brings peace to both. The text has old forms: kechurmak — kechirmoq, ila — bilan, o‘kunub — afsuslanib. Read them in their modern form.
Worked examples
Modernizing: “Uzr aytsa, afv qilur” → “Uzr so‘rasa, kechiradi.”
Synonym row: kechirmoq — afv etmoq; maqtamoq — olqishlamoq; xafa — g‘amgin.
Class activity
Synonym chain: find synonyms for xafa, kechirmoq, maqtamoq, yomon in the dictionary and extend each chain.
Practice
1
According to the extract, what is afv and why is it better?
Afv is forgiving; it is better than revenge because it does not multiply wrong and gladdens both sides.
2
Give the modern forms of kechurmak and o‘kunub.
Kechirmoq; afsuslanib (feeling regret).
3
Find synonyms for uzr and qusur and use them in sentences.
Uzr — kechirim, qusur — nuqson. E.g. U kechirim so‘radi. Nuqsonni tuzatdi.
4
Why is forgiving regarded as a mark of strong people?
Because overcoming anger and restraining oneself requires more will than taking revenge.