Lessons 1–2 · 2 lessons · M. Qodirov, H. Ne’matov, M. Abduraimova, R. Sayfullayeva, B. Mengliyev. Ona tili (Uzbek language), Grade 8, 4th edition. Cho‘lpon Publishing and Printing Creative House, Tashkent, 2019
2
Literary speech norms. Kinds (styles) of speech
Textbook: pp. 4–5
GoalDistinguish literary-speech norms and the speech styles (conversational, artistic, publicistic, scientific, official).
New words
literary speech · adabiy nutqdialect · shevanorm · me’yorstyle · uslub
Explanation
Language lives in spoken and written form. The common, rule-governed form of the language shared by everyone is called adabiy nutq (literary speech), while the variety spoken by people of a particular region is a sheva (dialect); writing mainly uses literary speech. Literary speech relies on set norms of pronunciation, spelling, word choice and punctuation. Speaking a dialect at home or with friends is natural, but in lessons, meetings, documents and public speaking the literary norm is followed. Depending on the area of use, styles of speech are distinguished: conversational, artistic, publicistic, scientific and official. Each style uses its own typical words and sentence structure.
Worked examples
Scientific style: “Suv 100 daraja Selsiyda qaynaydi.” (Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.) It is exact, with no figurative words.
Official style: “Ariza ko‘rib chiqildi va qabul qilindi.” Concise, unemotional, with passive-voice predicates.
Class activity
In three groups, write 2–3 sentences about one event (e.g. a school contest) in three styles: conversational, publicistic and official, and read them out.
Practice
1
What is the main difference between literary speech and dialect?
Literary speech has fixed rules and a written form; a dialect has no such strict norm or written form.
2
In which style are speech norms followed most loosely?
In the conversational style.
3
Which style is the sentence “Qonun bo‘yicha jarima to‘lanadi” typical of?
The official style.
4
Why do we learn literary-speech norms at school?
Because documents, education and the media use literary speech, and it makes people of different dialects understandable to each other.