25
Voices of the verb
Textbook: pp. 41–42
GoalName the five voices of the verb and understand their meaning.
New words
voice · nisbatdoer · bajaruvchiverb stem · fe’l asosito sweep · supurmoq
Explanation
Verb forms that show to what degree the doer takes part in an action or state are voice forms. In supurdi (swept) the doer is definite; in supurildi (was swept) it is unknown; in supurishdi (swept together) there are several doers; in supurtirdi (had it swept) the action was done through another person. Voice suffixes are added after the verb stem. A verb has 5 voices: active (aniq), reflexive (o‘zlik), passive (majhul), causative (orttirma) and cooperative (birgalik).
Worked examples
yoz (write): yozdi (active), yozildi (passive), yozishdi (cooperative), yozdirdi (causative).
yuv (wash): yuvdi (active), yuvindi (washed oneself), yuvildi (was washed).
Class activity
“Voice cards”: children add various voice suffixes to one verb stem and read the form aloud as a group.
Practice
1
How many voices does a verb have? Name them.
5: aniq, o‘zlik, majhul, orttirma, birgalik.
2
What is the doer like in supurildi?
Unknown (passive voice).
3
From the stem och make the cooperative and causative forms.
ochishdi (cooperative), ochtirdi (causative).
4
Why is the action done through another person in supurtirdi?
Because the causative suffix (-tir) shows the doer made someone else perform it.