21
Word classes
Textbook: pp. 35–36
GoalList the word classes and tell them apart by their questions.
New words
part of speech, word class · so‘z turkumiindependent word · mustaqil so‘zauxiliary word · yordamchi so‘zquestion word · so‘roq
Explanation
The division of words into groups by their question and generalized meaning is called word classes. There are three groups. Independent words: verb, noun, adjective, numeral, pronoun, adverb — they answer questions and act as parts of a sentence. Auxiliary words: postposition, conjunction, particle — they answer no question and only link or add meaning. Separate words: interjections, imitative words and modal words. The questions of independent classes: noun — who? what?; adjective — what kind?; numeral — how many?; verb — what to do?; adverb — how? when? where?
Worked examples
The child (who?) drew (did what?) a beautiful (what kind?) picture (what?).
Three (how many?) books; walked quickly (how?).
Class activity
“Question cards”: children match each word card with the correct question card.
Practice
1
List the independent word classes.
Verb, noun, adjective, numeral, pronoun, adverb.
2
Which are the auxiliary word classes?
Postposition, conjunction, particle.
3
Give a question for each word: Dilshod yangi kitobni o‘qidi.
Dilshod — who?; yangi (new) — what kind?; kitobni (the book) — what?; o‘qidi (read) — did what?
4
Why is the conjunction va counted as an auxiliary word?
It answers no question and is not a sentence part; it only links words.