96
Qualitative and relative adjectives
Textbook: p. 144
GoalDistinguish qualitative and relational adjectives.
New words
qualitative adjective · asliy sifatrelational adjective · nisbiy sifat-roq (more) · -roq
Explanation
Adjectives that name an attribute directly and can be graded are qualitative: go‘zal (beautiful), shirin (sweet), oq, aqlli. They accept -roq: go‘zalroq (more beautiful), shirinroq. Adjectives that express an attribute by relation to another concept and show no degree are relational: qishki (winter), ko‘chma (portable), devoriy (wall), ilmiy (scientific). They do not accept -roq: we do not say “qishkiroq”. Relational adjectives are often formed with -gi, -ma, -iy. Trying -roq is a handy way to tell the two groups apart.
Worked examples
This apple is sweeter. (qualitative)
The winter holiday began. (relational)
Class activity
“The -roq test”: add -roq to the adjectives; if it works write qualitative, if not relational.
Practice
1
What is a qualitative adjective?
One naming an attribute directly and able to be graded.
2
Sort: shirin, qishki, aqlli, devoriy.
Qualitative: shirin, aqlli; relational: qishki, devoriy.
3
Add -roq to go‘zal and qishki; which does not work?
Go‘zalroq works; “qishkiroq” does not.
4
Why does a relational adjective show no degree?
Because it expresses an attribute by relation to another concept, not directly.