90
Forming adjectives
Textbook: pp. 134–135
GoalDistinguish root and derived adjectives.
New words
root adjective · tub sifatderived adjective · yasama sifatbase · asos
Explanation
Adjectives that have no word-forming suffix are root adjectives: katta (big), oq (white), yaxshi (good), yosh (young), tez (fast). Adjectives made of a base and a word-forming part are derived adjectives: aqlli (clever), kuchsiz (weak), ilmiy (scientific), qishki (winter). Derived adjectives arise by adding a suffix or by joining words. With a suffix: ilm+iy, kuch+li. By joining words: for example oqko‘ngil (kind-hearted, from oq “white” and ko‘ngil “heart”). To find a derived adjective, separate the base from the forming part.
Worked examples
Katta, tez, oq are root adjectives.
Kuchli, ilmiy, qishki are derived adjectives.
Class activity
“Separate!”: the teacher names adjectives; children say root or derived and show the suffix.
Practice
1
What is a root adjective?
An adjective without a word-forming suffix.
2
Sort: katta, aqlli, ilmiy, tez.
Root: katta, tez; derived: aqlli, ilmiy.
3
Make a derived adjective from kuch.
Kuchli or kuchsiz.
4
Why is qishki a derived adjective?
Because it was formed from qish by adding -ki.