65
Antonyms
Textbook: pp. 116–117
GoalFind antonyms (words of opposite meaning) and use them in speech.
New words
antonym · antonimopposite in meaning · zid ma’nolitrade, buying and selling · oldi-berdieveryone (young and old) · katta-kichik
Explanation
Words whose meanings are opposite to each other are called antonyms, or words of opposite meaning: issiq — sovuq (hot — cold), keng — tor (wide — narrow), kirish — chiqish (entrance — exit). Antonyms usually belong to the same word class: an adjective pairs with an adjective, a verb with a verb. Sometimes two antonyms join to make a paired word with a new meaning: katta-kichik — everyone, oldi-berdi — trade, kam-ko‘st — shortcomings. Antonyms make a thought clear and vivid, so they are common in proverbs and poems.
Worked examples
Katta — kichik, ochiq — yopiq, kuch — ojizlik.
«Bayramga katta-kichik yig‘ildi» means everyone gathered for the holiday.
Class activity
The antonym chain: the teacher says a word, a pupil finds its opposite and says a new word. Who gets stuck?
Practice
1
What is an antonym?
A word of opposite meaning.
2
Find antonyms for «keng», «keksa», «yorug‘».
Tor, yosh, qorong‘i.
3
What does «katta-kichik» mean?
Everyone, all.
4
Say a proverb with antonyms.
E.g. Yaxshi so‘z — jon ozig‘i, yomon so‘z — bosh qozig‘i (a kind word feeds the soul, a bad word is a nail in the head).