101
The sentence. Punctuation marks
Textbook: Part 4, pp. 70–73
GoalKnow what a sentence is and how punctuation is used in it; the subject (ega) and the predicate (kesim).
New words
sentence · gappunctuation marks · tinish belgilarisubject · egapredicate · kesim
Explanation
A word or group of words that expresses a complete thought is called a sentence. A sentence begins with a capital letter and ends with a full stop (.), a question mark (?) or an exclamation mark (!). A comma is placed between listed similar words: olma, nok, uzum. The main parts of a sentence are the subject (ega) and the predicate (kesim). The subject answers kim? nima?, the predicate answers nima qildi? nima qiladi? nima qilmoqchi?: Bola o‘qidi. (subject – bola, predicate – o‘qidi.)
Worked examples
Savatda olma, nok, uzum bor. Sen nima yeding? Qanday shirin! (There are apples, pears, grapes in the basket. What did you eat? How sweet!)
Quyosh chiqdi. (The sun rose.) – subject: quyosh (nima?); predicate: chiqdi (nima qildi?).
Class activity
“Sentence borders”: the teacher reads a text without punctuation, children separate sentences by intonation and add the full stops.
Practice
1
Add punctuation: ertalab quyosh chiqdi biz bog‘ga bordik
Ertalab quyosh chiqdi. Biz bog‘ga bordik.
2
Find the subject and predicate: Bola kuldi.
subject – bola; predicate – kuldi
3
Add commas: Stolda qalam daftar kitob bor.
Stolda qalam, daftar, kitob bor.