96
Verb-forming suffixes
Textbook: Part 4, pp. 56–58
GoalThe topic of verb-forming suffixes: form past-tense verbs with the suffixes -gan, -kan, -qan and spell them correctly.
New words
past-tense verb · o‘tgan zamon fe’liverb base · fe’l asosipast-tense suffixes · -gan, -kan, -qanlast sound · oxirgi tovush
Explanation
In this topic the textbook teaches the suffixes -gan, -kan, -qan. Added to a verb base, they form a past-tense verb and show that the action was done earlier: kel – kelgan (has come), yoz – yozgan (has written). The last sound of the base decides the form: if the base ends in k, -kan is written; if it ends in q, -qan (chek – chekkan, has drawn; oq – oqqan, has flowed); in all other cases -gan is written. The suffix is written together with the base.
Worked examples
Ariqdan suv oqqan. (Water has flowed along the ditch.) Bu ertak menga yoqqan. (I have liked this tale.) – oq + qan, yoq + qan.
O‘quvchi daftariga chiziq chekkan. (The pupil has drawn a line in the notebook.) Do‘stim mehmonga kelgan. (My friend has come to visit.) – chek + kan, kel + gan.
Class activity
“Three baskets”: three baskets labelled -gan, -kan, -qan are drawn on the board. The teacher says a verb base (yoz, oq, chek, kul); children look at the last sound of the base, choose the right basket and write the whole word.
Practice
1
Add the suffix: o‘qi, yoq, chek.
o‘qigan (has read), yoqqan (has pleased), chekkan (has drawn)
2
Why is -qan written in oqqan?
Because the base ends in q: oq + qan.
3
Which is right: kulkan or kulgan?
kulgan (the base ends in l, so -gan is used)