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Base and related words

Lessons 13–15 · 3 lessons · D. Baynazarova (Part 2); D.J. Baynazarova (Part 3); D.J. Baynazarova and M.E. Toirova (Part 4). Native Language (Ona tili) Grade 3, Parts 2–4 (Part 1 not available). Novda Edutainment, 2023
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Word structure: base and related words

Textbook: Part 2, pp. 43–45
GoalKnow what the base and related words are; find the base.
New words
base (the shared part of related words) · asosrelated words · asosdosh so‘zlarcommon part · umumiy qismsuffix · qo‘shimcha
Explanation

If several words have a part that is the same in both spelling and meaning, they are related words (asosdosh so‘zlar). That shared part is called the base (asos). For example, the base of tosh (stone), toshli (stony), toshloq (stony ground), toshsiz (stoneless) is tosh. In related words the base is written the same way, but their questions may differ: bog‘ (garden) — Nima? bog‘bon (gardener) — Kim?

Worked examples
gul (flower) — gulzor (flower garden) — guldon (vase) — gulli (flowered). Base: gul.
ilm (knowledge) — ilmli (learned) — ilmsiz (ignorant). Base: ilm. Bog‘ — bog‘bon (garden — gardener), temir — temirchi (iron — blacksmith): the question changed (Nima? — Kim?).
Class activity

“Find the family”: the teacher says a base word (for example tosh – stone) and children take turns saying related words. The team with most words wins.

Practice
1
Find the base: kitob, kitobxon, kitobsiz.
2
Say a word related to suv (water).
3
Which questions do temir and temirchi answer?