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How adjectives link to nouns and their meaning groups

Lessons 50–52 · 3 lessons · D. Baynazarova (Part 2); D.J. Baynazarova (Part 3); D.J. Baynazarova and M.E. Toirova (Part 4). Native Language (Ona tili) Grade 3, Parts 2–4 (Part 1 not available). Novda Edutainment, 2023
52

Meaning groups of adjectives: literal and figurative use

Textbook: Part 3, pp. 75–76
GoalTell the literal and figurative meaning of adjectives apart.
New words
literal meaning · o‘z ma’nofigurative meaning · ko‘chma ma’nosoft · yumshoqbitter, harsh · achchiq
Explanation

An adjective is sometimes used in its literal meaning and sometimes in a figurative one. For example, achchiq qalampir (hot pepper) is literal (taste). Achchiq so‘z (a harsh word) is figurative (a word that hurts). Yumshoq yostiq (a soft pillow) is literal; yumshoq ovoz (a gentle voice) is figurative. Og‘ir tosh (a heavy stone) is literal; og‘ir kun (a hard day) is figurative.

Worked examples
Literal: shirin qovun (sweet melon), yumshoq yostiq, og‘ir tosh. Figurative: shirin uyqu (sweet sleep), yumshoq ovoz, og‘ir kun.
Achchiq so‘z odamni xafa qiladi. (A harsh word upsets a person.) Here achchiq is figurative.
Class activity

“Literal or figurative?”: the teacher says a word group. If literal children raise a hand, if figurative they sit.

Practice
1
Literal or figurative: og‘ir tosh.
2
Literal or figurative: yumshoq ovoz.
3
Make a word group using shirin literally.