Lessons 15 · 1 lessons · N.M. Mahmudov, A.Sh. Sobirov, Y.R. Odilov, G.Sh. Ziyodullayeva. Ona tili (Uzbek language), Grade 10, 1st edition. “O‘zbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi” State Scientific Publishing House, Tashkent, 2017
15
Stylistics of suffixes of subjective evaluation
Textbook: pp. 49–52
GoalDistinguish positive and negative meanings of subjective-evaluation suffixes and know their stylistic place.
New words
form of subjective evaluation · subyektiv baho shaklidiminutive (making smaller) · kichraytirishendearment · erkalashsuffixes -gina, -jon, -xon, -toy · -gina, -jon, -xon, -toy
Explanation
The language has suffixes such as -cha, -choq, -gina (-kina, -qina), -loq (-aloq), -jon, -xon, -toy; they are called forms of subjective evaluation or diminutive-endearing suffixes. Attached to nouns and adjectives, they express the speaker’s positive or negative attitude to the thing. Diminutive forms (kitobcha “booklet”, toychoq “little foal”, qizaloq “little girl”) can give, together with smallness of size, tenderness, and sometimes disregard. Endearing forms (akajon “dear brother”, onaxon “dear mother”, o‘g‘iltoy “dear son”, onaginam “my dear mother”) express affection, respect and, depending on the tone, sometimes mockery. There is almost no place for such forms in scientific and official texts; their main field is live conversation, fiction and publicistic writing.
Worked examples
Affection: «Akajon, shu yoqqa o‘ting» (“Dear brother, please sit here”) – «Onaginam, charchamadingizmi?» (“My dear mother, aren’t you tired?”).
Diminutive: «Daftarcha stolda qoldi» (“The little notebook stayed on the table”); depending on the tone it can also be negative: «U yigitcha bilan gaplashib o‘tirma» (“Don’t sit chatting with that little fellow”).
Class activity
“Form game”: one pupil says a noun and the partner adds a suitable evaluation suffix and makes a sentence.
Practice
1
List four suffixes of subjective evaluation.
-cha, -choq, -gina, -jon (also -xon, -toy, -loq).
2
Identify the suffixes in «qizaloq» and «kitobcha».
-aloq (qiz+aloq) and -cha (kitob+cha).
3
What meaning is added if we say «bolajon» instead of «bola»?
A meaning of affection and endearment.
4
Why are «ukajon» or «kitobcha» not written in an official document?
The official style must be objective and exact; evaluation suffixes express a personal attitude.