Lessons 11 · 1 lessons · N.M. Mahmudov, A.Sh. Sobirov, Y.R. Odilov, G.Sh. Ziyodullayeva. Ona tili (Uzbek language), Grade 10, 1st edition. “O‘zbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi” State Scientific Publishing House, Tashkent, 2017
11
Consolidation (lexical means)
Textbook: pp. 38–39
GoalConsolidate the lexical means: styles, colouring, synonymy, dialect, obsolete words, terms and idioms.
New words
stylistically neutral · uslubiy betaraffunctional / emotional colouring · funksional / emotsional bo‘yoqarchaism / historical word · arxaizm / tarixiy so‘zterm / idiom · termin / ibora
Explanation
This week we put the topics covered so far into one system. Speech is divided into five main styles: the colloquial is oral, the other four (publicistic, artistic, scientific, official) are mainly written. Words are neutral or tied to a certain style; their colouring may be functional (belonging to a style) and emotional-expressive (positive or negative evaluation). Synonyms must be used according to their style and colouring, homonyms and paronyms according to meaning. Dialect units lie outside the literary norm; obsolete words divide into archaisms and historical words; terms are a means of the scientific style, idioms more of the colloquial and artistic styles. To determine the style of a text, first analyse the purpose and then the language means.
Worked examples
Analysis: «Aziz o‘quvchilar! Quyidagi jadvalda uch oylik natijalar keltirilgan» (“Dear pupils! The results of three months are given in the table below”) – the address and the word «quyidagi» (“the following”) give a written, scientific-official tone.
Analysis: «Ha-ya, rosa zo‘r chiqdi-ku bu!» (“Wow, this turned out really great!”) – an interjection, «-ya», «-ku», «rosa», «zo‘r»: plain conversation.
Class activity
“Style detectives”: groups find traces of style (words, colouring, idioms) in mixed text passages and write them down.
Practice
1
Which of the five styles is mainly oral?
The colloquial style.
2
State the difference between functional and emotional-expressive colouring with one example.
Functional: «taom» – belongs to the bookish-artistic style. Emotional: «irjaymoq» – negative attitude.