☰ Contents · Uzbek language

Stylistics of sentence types by purpose

Lessons 20 · 1 lessons · N.M. Mahmudov, A.Sh. Sobirov, Y.R. Odilov, G.Sh. Ziyodullayeva. Ona tili (Uzbek language), Grade 10, 1st edition. “O‘zbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi” State Scientific Publishing House, Tashkent, 2017
20

Stylistics of sentence types by purpose of expression

Textbook: pp. 68–70
GoalIdentify additional stylistic meanings of declarative, interrogative and imperative sentences.
New words
declarative sentence · darak gapinterrogative sentence · so‘roq gapimperative sentence · buyruq gapexclamatory sentence · undov gap
Explanation

By purpose of expression sentences divide into declarative, interrogative and imperative; when said with strong feeling each of them becomes exclamatory. Declarative sentences make up the main part of our speech; when their intonation changes, an additional meaning such as joy or hesitation is added to the message. An interrogative sentence often expresses something besides a question: surprise (Iyunda qor yog‘dimi?! “Did it really snow in June?!”), doubt and supposition (Poyezdga ulgurarmikanmiz? “I wonder whether we will catch the train”), joy and excitement, and even a command (Ovozingni pasaytirmaysanmi?! – “lower your voice”). Such uses occur mainly in the colloquial, artistic and publicistic styles. In the scientific and official styles imperative sentences are used without emotion as exact instructions («Quyidagi masalani yeching» – “Solve the following problem”), while in the colloquial and artistic styles they are often emotional.

Worked examples
Question – surprise: «Sening rasming ham ko‘rgazmaga tanlandimi?!» (“Was your picture chosen for the exhibition too?!”) – joy and surprise in question form.
Question – command: «Eshikni yopmaysanmi?!» (“Aren’t you going to close the door?!”) – meaning “close the door”; scientific command: «Funksiyaning hosilasini toping.» (“Find the derivative of the function.”)
Class activity

“One sentence – three tones”: a pupil says «Keldingmi» in a tone of joy, surprise and doubt and the class finds the meaning.

Practice
1
List the types of sentences by purpose of expression.
2
What does «Ovozingni pasaytirmaysanmi?!» actually express?
3
What additional meaning is in «Ertaga havo ochilarmikan?» (“I wonder if the weather will clear tomorrow”)?
4
Why are imperative sentences without emotion in the scientific and official styles?