☰ Contents · Uzbek language

Speech styles and language means

Lessons 4 · 1 lessons · N.M. Mahmudov, A.Sh. Sobirov, Y.R. Odilov, G.Sh. Ziyodullayeva. Ona tili (Uzbek language), Grade 10, 1st edition. “O‘zbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi” State Scientific Publishing House, Tashkent, 2017
4

Speech styles and language means

Textbook: pp. 14–17
GoalTell stylistically neutral language means from means tied to a style.
New words
stylistically neutral means · uslubiy betaraf vositastyle-marked means · uslubga xoslangan vositabookish word · kitobiy so‘ztypical of writing · yozma nutqqa xos
Explanation

Some units of the language are used freely in all styles: words such as non (bread), daraxt (tree), bormoq (to go), yozmoq (to write), yangi (new), yaxshi (good), yil (year). Such units are called stylistically neutral and make up the greater part of the language. Other units are tied mostly to one style: terms in a scientific text, set phrases in an official text, interjections and short forms in conversation are such means. A person who builds speech must know which style a unit belongs to, otherwise the text does not fit its content. Marking also concerns the form of speech: words like «yuqorida aytilganidek» (“as said above”) and «quyidagi jadvalda» (“in the table below”) are typical of written text, while in live speech at a meeting they sound stiff and artificial.

Worked examples
Neutral: «Suv ichdim, uyga qaytdim.» (“I drank water and went back home.”) – such a sentence can occur in any style.
Marked: «Tenglama ildizi topildi» (“The root of the equation was found”) – scientific; «Ariza qabul qilinsin» (“Let the application be accepted”) – official; «Hoy, ukam, bu yoqqa kel-chi!» (“Hey, little brother, come here!”) – colloquial.
Class activity

“Neutral or marked?”: 12 words are written on the board; pupils sort them into two groups and say which style the marked ones belong to.

Practice
1
Which words are considered stylistically neutral? Give three examples.
2
Find the style-marked means in the sentence «Hosil bo‘lgan modda reaksiya mahsuloti deyiladi».
3
Why is the phrase «Quyida ko‘rsatilganidek» out of place in oral speech?
4
Why must there be many stylistically neutral words in a language?