Lessons 1 · 1 lessons · N.M. Mahmudov, A.Sh. Sobirov, Y.R. Odilov, G.Sh. Ziyodullayeva. Ona tili (Uzbek language), Grade 10, 1st edition. “O‘zbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi” State Scientific Publishing House, Tashkent, 2017
1
Introduction
Textbook: pp. 4–5
GoalUnderstand the difference between grammar and stylistics and the aim of this year’s course.
New words
stylistics · uslubiyatspeech situation · nutqiy vaziyatexpressiveness · ifodaliliklanguage means (unit) · til vositasi
Explanation
Grammar gives the rules for speaking and writing correctly. Stylistics teaches how to make correct speech accurate, expressive and effective. In earlier grades you studied phonetics (sounds), lexicology (word meanings), morphology (word forms and parts of speech) and syntax (word combinations and sentences). This year we build on this knowledge and practise choosing language units according to who is speaking, to whom, where and why. The same content needs different means when you tell it to a friend, write a notice or put it into a poem. Being able to choose the right means in the right place is the basis of a good speech culture.
Worked examples
One content – two ways to say it: «Ertaga soat 9 da yig‘ilishga kelishingiz so‘raladi» (“You are asked to attend the meeting tomorrow at 9”, official) and «Ertaga to‘qqizda yig‘ilish bor, kelib qol-a» (“There is a meeting tomorrow at nine, do come”, friendly).
Both sentences are grammatically correct but each has its own place: «Fotosintezda o‘simlik yorug‘lik energiyasini kimyoviy energiyaga aylantiradi» (“In photosynthesis the plant turns light energy into chemical energy”) suits a textbook; «Yashil barglar quyosh nurini yeb, undan shirin kuch yig‘adi» (“Green leaves eat sunlight and gather sweet strength from it”) suits a story.
Class activity
“One message – three places”: the class splits into three groups. Each group says one message (for example, “the lesson has been moved to tomorrow”) in a form for the school notice board, for a message to a friend and for a story.
Practice
1
How do grammar and stylistics differ?
Grammar gives the rules of correct speech; stylistics teaches how to make correct speech accurate, expressive and effective.
2
In which branch of linguistics are word meanings, synonymy and homonymy studied?
In lexicology.
3
Would you write “Ishtirok etishingiz so‘raladi” in a short message to a friend? Why?
No: this phrase belongs to official letters; in a message to a friend it sounds cold and odd, so it does not fit the speech situation.
4
Why can grammatically correct speech still be poor speech?
Because besides correctness we also need accuracy, fit to the situation and effect; even a correct word chosen in the wrong place does not serve the purpose.