Darslar 39–41 · 3 ta dars · L. Jo‘rayev, M. Abdullayeva, H. Tuhtarova, S. Xan, L. Tsoy, K. Inog‘omova, L. Matskevich, R. Ziryanova. Fly High English 9 (Ingliz tili, 9-sinf), tuzatilgan va to‘ldirilgan 2-nashr. «Yangiyo‘l Poligraf Servis», Toshkent, 2014
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O‘zbekiston va Buyuk Britaniyada siyosiy partiyalar
Darslik: 61-bet
MaqsadSiyosiy partiyalar va saylov tizimlari: general election, MP, first-past-the-post, proportional representation; ko‘rsatkichlarni solishtirish (greater / fewer than).
Yangi so‘zlar
umumiy saylov · general electionparlament a’zosi · Member of Parliament (MP)nomzod · candidateproporsional vakillik · proportional representation
Tushuntirish
Siyosiy partiya — umumiy qarashlarga ega odamlar uyushmasi, u saylovda hokimiyatga vakillar o‘tkazishga intiladi. Birlashgan Qirollikda 18 yoshdan oshgan fuqarolar kamida har besh yilda general election da ovoz beradi. Har hududdan nomzodlar orasida eng ko‘p ovoz olgani MP bo‘ladi, hatto ikkinchidan bitta ovoz ko‘p bo‘lsa ham: bu first-past-the-post tizimi. Bu tizim odatda ikki yirik partiyani (Labour va Conservative) kuchaytiradi. Proportional representation tizimida o‘rinlar soni butun mamlakatda olingan ovoz foiziga mos bo‘ladi. O‘zbekistonda ham ko‘p partiyaviy tizim bor va fuqarolar saylovda 18 yoshdan ovoz beradi. Raqamlarni solishtirish: Party A won more seats than Party B. Party C won fewer seats than Party B. The number of Party C MPs is smaller / lower than the number of Party A MPs. (Ko‘plikdagi ot bilan fewer: fewer seats; «the number» bilan esa smaller yoki lower deyiladi.)
Namunalar
In a sample election Party A won 40% of the votes and Party B won 35%. The percentage of Party A votes is higher than the percentage of Party B votes, but Party B might have more MPs if it wins more constituencies.
Small parties often get many votes but few seats under first-past-the-post. That is why they ask for proportional representation.
Sinfda faoliyat
«Mini-saylov»: sinf 3 ta xayoliy partiya o‘rtasida ovoz beradi; ikki usul (har sinf guruhida eng ko‘p ovoz / umumiy foiz) bilan natijani hisoblab solishtiradi.
Mashq
1
Birlashgan Qirollikda qaysi yoshdan ovoz beriladi?
18
2
Solishtiring: 44% ovoz, 63% o‘rin (MPs). Qaysi biri katta — ovozlar foizimi yoki MPs foizimi?
The percentage of MPs is greater than the percentage of votes.
3
First-past-the-post nima?
The candidate with the most votes in a constituency wins.
4
Nega kichik partiyalar proporsional vakillikni xohlaydi?
Chunki ular ko‘p ovoz olsa-da, bu tizimda ko‘proq o‘rin oladi; first-past-the-post esa ularga kam o‘rin beradi.