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Qoidalarni ifodalash usullari
Darslik: 39-bet
MaqsadQoidalarni ifodalash usullari: must, should, buyruq, Present Simple Passive (No bicycles should be left ...), bog‘lovchi so‘zlar.
Yangi so‘zlar
kerak (majburiyat) · mustkerak (maslahat) · shouldtaqiqlangan · forbiddenruxsat berilgan · allowed
Tushuntirish
Qoidani ifodalashning bir necha usuli bor. 1) Buyruq: Keep your desk tidy. 2) Must / mustn’t — kuchli majburiyat yoki taqiq: Pupils must carry their school cards. Pupils mustn’t use phones in tests. 3) Should / shouldn’t — kuchsizroq, tavsiya: Pupils should keep their desks tidy. 4) Passiv shakl, bunda ijrochi muhim emas: No bicycles should be left in the corridor. Eating is not allowed in the lab. Cheating is forbidden. 5) is allowed / is not allowed / are expected to. Must va have to farqi: must — qoida tuzuvchining fikri, have to — tashqi majburiyat. Mustn’t = taqiq, don’t have to = shart emas.
Namunalar
Pupils are expected to hand in work on time. Mobile phones must be switched off. Shouting in the corridor is not allowed. Sharp tools must never be brought to the lab.
You mustn’t copy in a test (it is forbidden). You don’t have to wear sports shoes on Monday (it is not necessary).
Sinfda faoliyat
«Qoida detektivi»: o‘qituvchi 8 ta qoidani turli shaklda o‘qiydi; o‘quvchilar ularni buyruq, must, should yoki passiv ekanligini aniqlaydi.
Mashq
1
Passivga o‘tkazing: Don’t leave bicycles in the corridor. → No bicycles ___ ___ in the corridor.
should be left (or: are allowed)
2
Mustn’t va don’t have to farqini ayting.
Mustn’t means it is forbidden; don’t have to means it is not necessary.
3
Gapni toping: qaysi biri taqiq? a) You mustn’t run. b) You don’t have to run.
a
4
Nega maktab qoidalarida ko‘pincha passiv shakl ishlatiladi?
Chunki qoida kim tomonidan bajarilishi muhim emas, harakatning o‘zi muhim (e.g. Food is not allowed).