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School rules and discipline

Lessons 23–25 · 3 lessons · L. Jurayev, M. Abdullayeva, H. Tuhtarova, S. Khan, L. Tsoy, K. Inogamova, L. Matskevich, R. Ziryanova. Fly High English 9 (English, Grade 9), revised and expanded 2nd edition. “Yangiyo‘l Poligraf Servis”, Tashkent, 2014
24

Ways of expressing rules

Textbook: p. 39
GoalWays of expressing rules: must, should, imperatives, and the passive (No bicycles should be left ...).
New words
must · kerak (majburiyat)should · kerak (maslahat)forbidden · taqiqlanganallowed · ruxsat berilgan
Explanation

There are several ways to state a rule. 1) The imperative: Keep your desk tidy. 2) Must / mustn’t for strong obligation or a ban: Pupils must carry their school cards. Pupils mustn’t use phones in tests. 3) Should / shouldn’t for weaker rules or advice: Pupils should keep their desks tidy. 4) The passive, when the doer is not important: No bicycles should be left in the corridor. Eating is not allowed in the lab. Cheating is forbidden. 5) is allowed / is not allowed / are expected to. Must and have to differ: must is the speaker’s own authority, have to is an outside obligation. Mustn’t = a ban, don’t have to = not necessary.

Worked examples
Pupils are expected to hand in work on time. Mobile phones must be switched off. Shouting in the corridor is not allowed. Sharp tools must never be brought to the lab.
You mustn’t copy in a test (it is forbidden). You don’t have to wear sports shoes on Monday (it is not necessary).
Class activity

“Rule detective”: the teacher reads eight rules in different forms; pupils decide if each is imperative, must, should or passive.

Practice
1
Make it passive: Don’t leave bicycles in the corridor. → No bicycles ___ ___ in the corridor.
2
Explain the difference between mustn’t and don’t have to.
3
Which one is a ban? a) You mustn’t run. b) You don’t have to run.
4
Why are passive forms often used in school rules?