11
Antonyms
Textbook: Part 1, pp. 43–46
GoalFind antonyms and name their kind of word.
New words
antonym · zid ma’noli so‘zopposite · qarama-qarshinear · yaqinfar · uzoq
Explanation
Words of opposite meaning are called antonyms. They usually belong to one kind of word and answer the same question: kun – tun (Nima?), yaqin – uzoq (Qanday?), kirmoq – chiqmoq (Nima qildi?). Antonyms help to express a thought clearly and vividly.
Worked examples
Nouns: kun – tun (day – night), yoz – qish (summer – winter). Adjectives: yaqin – uzoq, keng – tor. Verbs: kirmoq – chiqmoq (to enter – to leave), kelmoq – ketmoq (to come – to go).
Kunduzi yorug‘, kechasi qorong‘i bo‘ladi. (It is light by day and dark by night.) yorug‘ – qorong‘i are antonyms.
Class activity
“Opposite word”: the teacher says a word; children toss a ball and say its antonym.
Practice
1
Give the antonym: yaqin, keldi, kulmoq.
uzoq (far), ketdi (went), yig‘lamoq (to cry)
2
Which kind of word are kirmoq – chiqmoq?
verb (Nima qilmoq?)
3
Find the antonym pair: baland – past or katta – ulkan.
baland – past (tall/high – low)