Lessons 2–3 · 2 lessons · O. Karimova, N. Ismatova, Sh. Sariqov, O. Amanova (methodological editor E. Sariqov). O‘zbekiston davlati va huquqi asoslari (Foundations of the state and law of Uzbekistan), Grade 8. Huquq va Jamiyat publishers, Tashkent, 2019
2
The individual (person)
Textbook: pp. 10–14
GoalDistinguish the concepts of human being, individual and person, and list the factors that shape a person.
New words
individual · individperson (personality) · shaxsvalue · qadriyathuman capital · inson kapitali
Explanation
A human being is part of nature as a living creature: the body, natural needs (food, water, shelter) and feelings. Each separate human being is called an individual. But a human is also a conscious being: they think, choose and answer for their actions. A person (shaxs) is someone with their own values, goals, knowledge and skills, who can manage themselves and their needs and influences the people around them. A person’s development is shaped by the family, school, neighbourhood (mahalla), friends and the state’s education policy. The sum of knowledge, skills, health and moral qualities is called human capital; developing it matters for the country’s progress as well.
Worked examples
Two children study in one class. One is indifferent to everything; the other is active in class life, helps younger pupils and studies for a goal. Both are individuals, but the signs of a person are more visible in the second.
Examples of values: family, homeland, neighbourhood, friendship, honesty. For some a healthy life is most precious, for others knowledge; yet shared values (life, freedom) matter to everyone.
Class activity
“Me and my values”: each pupil writes five values in order of importance, then compares with a partner and explains the choice (nobody has to read out a private list).
Practice
1
What is the difference between an individual and a person?
An individual is any single human; a person is someone who, with their own values, goals, knowledge and will, manages themselves and influences those around.
2
Name four factors that shape a person.
Family, school, mahalla, friends (also the state’s education policy).
3
What is human capital and what does it consist of?
The sum of knowledge, skills, experience, health and moral qualities.
4
Why do children born in similar conditions grow into different people?
Because their upbringing, choices, interests, will and experiences differ; a person forms not only by birth but also by building themselves.