Lessons 1 · 1 lessons · O. Karimova, N. Ismatova, Sh. Sariqov, O. Amanova (methodological editor E. Sariqov). O‘zbekiston davlati va huquqi asoslari (Foundations of the state and law of Uzbekistan), Grade 8. Huquq va Jamiyat publishers, Tashkent, 2019
1
The Republic of Uzbekistan as an independent state
Textbook: pp. 4–8
GoalExplain what an independent state is, how state sovereignty is linked to human rights, and what the basic rights of an independent state are.
The Republic of Uzbekistan declared its independence on 31 August 1991. An independent state has sovereignty: it determines its own territory and borders, adopts its own laws and Constitution, decides how citizenship is granted, has its own armed forces, currency, flag, emblem and anthem, and builds its relations with other states by itself. The state exercises these rights on behalf of the people. Independence matters not only for the state but for every person: only a state that makes its own laws can reliably guarantee citizens’ rights and freedoms. Human rights were recognised internationally by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the UN General Assembly on 10 December 1948. The current Constitution also treats the person, their life, freedom and dignity as the highest value. At the same time, everyone must use their rights without violating the rights of others.
Worked examples
Example: the state issues its own currency (the so‘m) and supervises its circulation. This is a sign of sovereignty: it is our own state, not another one, that decides on the money.
Example: the Constitution lists citizens’ rights but also sets the limit “do not harm the rights of others”. For instance, you may argue with a friend, but you have no right to insult them.
Class activity
“Signs of the state”: the class splits into two groups. The first writes the signs of sovereignty on the board (flag, emblem, anthem, currency, border, language); the second says where each sign appears in daily life (for example, currency – a shop, anthem – a school assembly).
Practice
1
What is sovereignty and in what does it show itself?
A state’s independence in internal and external affairs. It shows in its own laws, territory, currency, armed forces, state symbols and foreign relations.
2
When and by whom was the Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted?
On 10 December 1948 by the UN General Assembly.
3
Which right does this refer to: a pupil receives free general secondary education?
The right to education. The state guarantees it through the Constitution and laws.
4
Why is the use of rights limited by the rights of others? Give an example.
If everyone looked only at their own rights, conflicts would arise. For example, playing loud music at night may be your freedom, but it violates the neighbours’ right to rest.