Lessons 2–3 · 2 lessons · O. Karimova, N. Ismatova, Sh. Sariqov, O. Amanova (methodological editor E. Sariqov). O‘zbekiston davlati va huquqi asoslari (Foundations of the state and law of Uzbekistan), Grade 8. Huquq va Jamiyat publishers, Tashkent, 2019
3
Society
Textbook: pp. 15–19
GoalExplain the narrow and broad meanings of “society”, its features, and the difference between a society and a community.
New words
society · jamiyatcommunity, group · jamoasocial relations · ijtimoiy munosabatlardivision of labour · mehnat taqsimoti
Explanation
The word jamiyat comes from Arabic and means “gathered, united”. In the narrow sense a society is a group of people united for a certain purpose (for example a consumers’ society or a limited liability company). In the broad sense a society is a complex structure of people living in a certain territory, united by needs and interests, whose relations are based on rules. In ancient times people united in clans and tribes; as tools improved and a division of labour appeared, society became more complex. Every society is a community, but not every community is a society: one class is a community, while the population of a whole country forms a society. A society is made up of people’s relations – economic, social, cultural, legal – and it constantly changes.
Worked examples
A football team, a school class and a mahalla are communities. All of them are connected with each other and make up part of the country’s society.
A seller and a buyer in a market, a teacher and a pupil, a doctor and a patient – these are social relations. A society is the sum of such relations.
Class activity
“Community or society?”: the teacher reads ten examples (chess club, a region’s population, a family, the whole country, a school, library members...). Pupils raise a “community” or “society” card and give a reason.
Practice
1
What does the word jamiyat mean and which language is it from?
It is from Arabic; it means “gathered, united”.
2
Support the idea “not every community is a society” with an example.
For example, a class is a community, but it has no independent economy, laws or wide system of social relations, so it is not a society.
3
How did the division of labour affect the development of society?
People specialised in different trades, production grew, society became more complex and the need for management and rules increased.
4
Why can a society not exist without people, and why can a person not live fully without others?
People make up society; and humans need others for language, knowledge, work and safety, and develop as persons within society.