Lessons 22 · 1 lessons · O. Karimova, N. Ismatova, Sh. Sariqov, O. Amanova (methodological editor E. Sariqov). O‘zbekiston davlati va huquqi asoslari (Foundations of the state and law of Uzbekistan), Grade 8. Huquq va Jamiyat publishers, Tashkent, 2019
22
Offences (violations of law)
Textbook: pp. 124–128
GoalExplain the concept, features and kinds of offences with examples.
An offence is an unlawful, culpable act that breaks legal norms. Its features: social danger or harm, unlawfulness, guilt (committed intentionally or through negligence) and being punishable by law. An offence is committed by a sane person who has reached the age set by law. Kinds: disciplinary (for example, being absent from work without reason), civil (breaking a contract and causing harm), administrative (breaking a traffic rule, petty hooliganism) and crime – the most dangerous kind. Punishment for a crime is set by law. Under the presumption of innocence, only the competent body or court establishes that an offence has been committed; until then a person is not considered guilty.
Worked examples
An employee absent three days without reason commits a disciplinary offence; the employer may apply a disciplinary measure set by law.
A pedestrian crossing at a red light commits an administrative offence; deliberately damaging another’s property may bear features of a crime.
Class activity
Sorting game: group the acts on cards as disciplinary, civil, administrative or criminal and justify.
Practice
1
Name the four features of an offence.
Social danger, unlawfulness, guilt, punishability.
2
What is the difference between intent and negligence?
In intent a person wants or accepts the result; in negligence they fail to foresee it or carelessly allow it.
3
What kinds of offences exist?
Disciplinary, civil, administrative and crime.
4
What does the presumption of innocence mean?
A person is not considered guilty until guilt is proven.